with复合结构的常见用法
【英语语法】with复合结构的常见用法
一、“with复合结构”的定义及构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语
With his homework finished, he went out playing football with his friends happily.
他写完作业，出去开心地和朋友们踢足球。
二、“with复合结构”的用法
1. with+宾语+副词
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加美丽。
With his parents away, Tom becomes naughtier.
父母不在，汤姆变得更淘气了。
2. with+宾语+形容词
With the door and windows open, the room was very cold.
门窗大开，屋内很冷。
With her parents dead, the girl had to left school.
她父母死了，那女孩只好辍学。
3. with+宾语+介词短语
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿着书走进来。
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes.
那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。
4. with+宾语+名词
They set up a football team, with Tom their head.
他们建立了一支足球队，汤姆当队长。
With a native our guide, we needn’t be afraid to get lost.
有本地人当向导，我们不必担心会迷路。
5. with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与动作构成逻辑上的主谓关系）
With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。
With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy.
老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
6. with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与动作构成逻辑上的动宾关系）
With the work done, she felt greatly relieved.
工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。
With his hair cut, he looks much younger.
理了头发，他显得年轻多了。
7. with+宾语+不定式（表示动作将要发生）
With her to go with us, we’re sure to have a pleasant journey.
有她和我们一起去，我们的旅途一定会很愉快。
With Mr. Smith to teach them English next term, they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语会大有提高。
三、拓展
否定形式为“without+宾语+补足语”
The house caught a big fire last night, without anything left in it.
昨天晚上房子起了大火，烧得什么都不剩了。
四、巩固练习
1. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
(1) The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes _________ (fix) on the wall.
(2) I live in the house with its door _________ (face) to the south.
(3) They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights _________ (burn).
2. 用with复合结构完成下列句子。
(1) ______________________ (有很多工作要做), I couldn’t go to see the doctor.
(2) ______________________ (心存梦想), he went to Hollywood.
【参考答案】
1. (1) fixed
解析：由短语fix one’s eyes on sth.可知，eyes作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应该用过去分词表示被动的含义。
(2) facing
解析：door作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应该用现在分词表示主动的含义。
(3) burning
解析：lights作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应该用现在分词表示主动的含义。
2. (1) With a lot of work to do
(2) With a dream in heart
